He also referred to the Haitian men as his "little chocolate soldiers."Īnyone familiar with American history would expect such language. Waller - wrote, "I know the nigger and how to handle him." His superior, Smedley Butler - yes, Smedley Butler - wrote to his wife Bunny (he called himself "Daddie Piddie"),įor the past two weeks I have been working along hard with my little black Army and am beginning to like the little fellows. There was, Renda points out, a lack of regard for the citizens and traditions of that country - despite the fact that "Haiti was the second independent nation of the Western Hemisphere, founded only twenty-nine years after the United States." One of the high Marine officials - Col. And despite growing criticism - mostly in The Nation magazine, and the black press of the day - he refused to call off the dogs.
Despite Woodrow Wilson's post WWI rhetoric about respecting national sovereignty, he was the one who sent in the Marines. It's a rather limited and peculiar focus - but it's an interesting one. military, along with writings that reflected what transpired in the hearts and minds of the Haitians who had to deal with our continuing presence. She quotes extensively from correspondence of members of the U.
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